Arrangement and construction of crew protective device for automobile @ google patents
http://www.google.com/patents/EP1232912B1?dq=automobile&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wHKoUPj4FIaTiQfymIG4CQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA
more crew protection measures:
Tank
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A tank is a tracked, armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat which combines operational mobility and tactical offensive and defensive capabilities. Firepower is normally provided by a large-calibre main gun in a rotating turret and secondary machine guns, while heavy armour and all-terrain mobility provide protection for the tank and its crew, allowing it to perform all primary tasks of the armoured troops on the battlefield.[1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank
Development of airbags for locomotive crew protection
Abstract
The Federal Railroad Administration sponsored this work to examine the feasibility of protecting freight locomotive crew with restraint systems, such as airbags, optimized to specific conditions to which locomotive operators are exposed to. Finite element simulations and full-scale collision tests were conducted for injury mitigation evaluation of the crew with and without airbag protection. Computer simulations using MADYMO were utilized to optimize the airbag size, shape, fabric permeability, tethers and vent holes for adequate inflation duration. Based on previous collision tests and historical data, a trapezoidal crash pulse of 12 g over 0.25 seconds was used in this study. Full-scale tests simulating real world collisions were performed to study the performance of the designed airbags on locomotive operators. Dynamic loads and accelerations were measured on two identical anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), one with the console mounted airbag and the other without an airbag, symmetrically placed in a freight locomotive at a speed of 30 mph in direct collision with a hopper car consist. The results showed that with no airbag present, the occupant experiences significant head, chest and lower abdomen injuries. When a console mounted airbag was used, the injuries were significantly reduced to well below the tolerance limits. The study also showed that the new technologies and methods developed in the design of airbags for the automobile industry can be adapted with minimum modifications for locomotive crew protection.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1634066&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D1634066
February 2012 — Crash Responsive Crew Protection Systems — Army Helicopters
Safe has received an extension of an
existing contract from the Aviation Applied Technology Directorate
(AATD), Fort Eustis, Virginia. The contract is part of a Multi-phase
Two Step BAA contracting vehicle to support the development of improved
crash protection for crews of Army helicopters.
The additional work will expand on the capability of the crash responsive technology developed by Safe in the previous phase of work. The goal is to extend the capability of current energy absorbing and restraint systems to provide crash protection in significantly more severe crashes than do current systems. The work involves modeling, analysis, design, and testing to be conducted over an 18-month time period.
Safe is teamed with AmSafe Aviation of Phoenix, AZ to provide inflatable restraint support to the program.
The additional work will expand on the capability of the crash responsive technology developed by Safe in the previous phase of work. The goal is to extend the capability of current energy absorbing and restraint systems to provide crash protection in significantly more severe crashes than do current systems. The work involves modeling, analysis, design, and testing to be conducted over an 18-month time period.
Safe is teamed with AmSafe Aviation of Phoenix, AZ to provide inflatable restraint support to the program.
Posted in Crashworthy Troop Seats, US Army
http://safeinc.us/2012/02/february-2012-crash-responsive-crew-protection-systems-army-helicopters/
Oshkosh Defense Receives EMD Contract to Develop JLTV - the Future of Light Tactical Vehicles
OSHKOSH, Wis. (Aug. 23, 2012) — The U.S. Department of Defense has awarded Oshkosh Defense, a division of Oshkosh Corporation (NYSE:OSK), a contract for the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) program’s Engineering, Manufacturing and Development (EMD) phase. The JLTV program aims to replace many of the U.S. military’s aged HMMWVs with a lightweight vehicle that offers greater protection, mobility and transportability.
The Oshkosh JLTV solution, called the Light Combat Tactical All-Terrain Vehicle, or L-ATV, offers an advanced crew protection system that has been extensively tested and is proven to optimize crew survivability. The L-ATV can accept multiple armor configurations, which allows the vehicle to adapt easily to changing operational requirements. The L-ATV also applies the Oshkosh TAK-4i™ intelligent independent-suspension system to provide significantly faster speeds when operating off-road, which can be critical to troops’ safety.
http://www.oshkoshdefense.com/news/414/oshkosh-defense-receives-emd-contract-to-develop-jltv-the-future-of-light-tactical-vehicles
Vehicle HardeningA hardened vehicle is made less vulnerable to the effects of explosives and small arms fire by adding sandbags, armor plating, ballistic glass, and other protective devices. Hardening may make certain vehicle components and cargo less vulnerable. Its primary purpose, however, is to protect the truck's occupants. The protection afforded is significant and often means the difference between injury and death.
The vehicle hardening techniques described here include locally fabricated (improvised) armor kits and sandbags. When an enemy threat exists, consider the following factors in determining the method and extent of vehicle hardening: Flexibility.WeightAvailability.Types of roads.Maintenance
During Vietnam, the Army had three nonremovable armor kits for hardening 1/4-, 2 1/2-, and 5-ton trucks. These kits were later deleted from the inventory. Although no kits are currently available through the Army's supply system, several projects are under way to develop armor plating for use in hostile environments.
Level one means that the vehicle cab was built in the factory with a much higher level of armor protectionLevel two force protection puts additional protection on vehicles that are already in use out across the Army's inventory. That has been the other principal focus the Army has in Iraq.
Level three is locally fabricated armor. Initially in Iraq the designs were primitive and there were problems with materials. Typical level-three efforts that are done in the combat zone are hardened doors, hardened side posts, additional protection here underneath, on the side of the vehicles, all of it designed to make it more resistant to enemy attacks.
Sandbags are effective in reducing the effects of blasts, preventing fire from reaching the driver, and providing protection from small arms fire and fragmentationHardening vehicles with armor plating places abnormal stresses on the vehicle that can result in early component failure. It is common for engine mounts, cab mount bushings, and bolts to loosen.
Sandbags are effective in reducing the effects of blasts, preventing fire from reaching the driver, and providing protection from small arms fire and fragmentationHardening vehicles with armor plating places abnormal stresses on the vehicle that can result in early component failure. It is common for engine mounts, cab mount bushings, and bolts to loosen.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/vehicle-hardening.htm
Extravehicular Mobility Unit
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extravehicular_Mobility_Unit
The Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is an independent anthropomorphic spacesuit that provides environmental protection, mobility, life support, and communications for astronauts performing extra-vehicular activity (EVA) in Earth orbit. Introduced in 1982, it is a two-piece semi-rigid suit, and is currently one of two spacesuits used by crew members on the International Space Station (ISS), the other being the Russian Orlan space suit. It was used by NASA's Space Shuttle astronauts prior to the end of the Shuttle program in 2011.
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19760017814_1976017814.pdf
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